Electron transport chain process pdf

Electron transport chain process pdf
Electron flow within these transmembrane complexes leads to the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, the second complex of the chain, by the reduced form of coenzyme Q (Q), also known as ubiquinone because it is a ubi quitous quinone in biological systems.
The Electron Transport Chain ATP synthesis is not an energetically favorable reaction: energy is needed in order for it to occur. This energy is derived from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC).
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Basis of Life Q: Cellular respiration continues in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell with the KREBS and electron transport chain. 10. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be AEROBIC. Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be ANAEROBIC. 11. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the …
The electron transport chain pulls H+ ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain, the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. O2 attracts itself to the left over electron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
D. Describe the “flow” of electrons “down” the Electron Transport Chain. E. Describe the use of Respiratory Inhibitors in elucidating the sequence of electron transport. IV. Describe how the energy released by the Electron Transport Chain is used. A. How does the nature of the complexes facilitate establishment of the proton gradient? B. How does the nature of the inner mitochondrial
Defects in a pathway as complex as the electron transport chain cause a variety of clinical abnormalities, which vary from fatal lactic acidosis in infancy to mild muscle disease in adults. The primary defect may reside in the nucleus or the mitochondrial genome. Until relatively recently
Cellular respiration We need energy to live, but how do we get it? We eat food and, via the process of respiration, we transfer the energy within this food to energy
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which NADH and QH 2 are oxidized and ATP is formed. 2 Prentice Hall c2002 Chapter 14 3 Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (1) Respiratory electron-transport chain (ETC) Series of enzyme complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which oxidize NADH and QH 2. Oxidation energy is used to transport protons creating a proton …
The process is a stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that makes the proton gradient The proton gradient powers ATP production NOT the flow of electrons This electron transport chain only occurs when oxygen is available .
Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain Glycolysis does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain both require oxygen. • Aerobic pathways are
30/12/2018 · The course contains more than 3000 images, very high definition illustrations, charts, graphs, more than 500 2D and 3D animations, Microscopic slides for normal and abnormal process…
• Electron transfer occurs through a series of protein electron carriers, by the process of oxidative phosphorylation: oxidation of each mole of NADH = 2.5 moles of ATP oxidation of each mole of FADH2 = 1.5 moles of ATP Components of the Electron Transport Chain • In the ETC, the electron carriers are arranged such that the flow of electrons is spontaneous. Each acceptor has

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Cellular respiration.pdf Cellular Respiration
Chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. 12.
1 Oxidative Phosphorylation It means coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. It is a process by which …
Figure (PageIndex{1}): The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH 2 to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water.
Cellular respiration is essentially the opposite process of photosynthesis. The glucose created by plants in photosynthesis is the same glucose that will be broken down by animals in cell respiration.
is called the electron transport chain (ETC), or the respiratory chain. The function of The function of this process is to use the chemical energy released during …
Electron transport chain 1. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN Dr. Gangadhar Chatterjee 05-3-2013 2. POINTS TO BE DISCUSSED • MITOCHONDRIA – Highly folded Inner mitochondrial membrane – ion and metabolite entry via transporters • ELECTRON TRANSPORT – an exergonic process – carriers operate in sequence – complex-I to IV
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner-membrane of mitochondria (called the electron transport chain and ATP synthase) to create ATP.

It refers to the coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form It is a process by which the energy of biological oxidation is ultimately converted to …
: in the course of the electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation, hydrogen or electrons a re passed ‘down hill’ to the oxygen (electron acceptor) to form water : and the energy released in the process is used to form ATP from ADP
Transport and ChemioSJDosis occur in the mitochondria The electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, aseries ofenzymes that transport electroDS.
regulation can be explained by regulation of the electron transport chain itself. Measurements of the temperature sensitivity of this rate constant indicated that there is a switch in the rate-limiting step that controls electron transport at around 20 °C: at higher temperatures, CO2 availability is limiting; at lower temperatures some other process regulates electron transport, possibly a di
The electron transport chain or electron transport system is located within the cristae of the mitochondrion. A series of transmembrane proteins that transfer electrons are embedded in sequence within the cristae. NADH from glycolysis, the transition reaction, and Krebs cycle are oxidized at the start of the chain. So is FADH2 from the Krebs cycle. The chain proteins pass the electrons one to
Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Mammalian cells, Mitochondria, NADH, Flavoproteins, Coenzyme Q are few points from this lecture notes. If you are looking for complete set of lectures on biochemistry, you can find it in my documents section.
ATP goes on to chemiosmosis, again, and the NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the next step: the electron transport chain. This is the final step for NADH and FADH. The molecules travel to the electron transport chain, known as the ETC, and pass through a series of proteins with increasing electonegativity, lodged in the inner membrane of the mitochondria .
• That the electron transport chain smoothly moves electrons from one place to another in some kind of directed fashion, which is a common interpretation of the static diagrams illustrating the process.
In the process of electron transport through it, four protons are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space and electrons move from NADH to coenzyme Q, converting it from ubiquinone (no electrons) to ubiquinol (gain of two electrons). An intermediate form, ubisemiquinone (gain of one electron), is found in the Q-cycle.
The EMBO Journal Peer Review Process File – EMBO-2011-78386 manuscript.

AS the electron transport chain passes electrons down the energy staircase, it also pumps hydrogen ions (H+) across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the narrow intermembrane space.
Anaerobic respiration Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor (such as oxygen) to produce large amounts of energy. compared to the 38 ATP per glucose produced by aerobic respiration. Glycolytic ATP. which can’t be converted back to NAD+ in the mitochondrial electron transport chain inactive in anaerobic
The reduction of CO 2 to carbohydrates requires energy in the form of ATP, produced through electron transport chain. Process of ATP formation from ADP in the presence of light in chloroplasts is called photophosphorylation.
Electron transport pathways in spinach chloroplasts. Reduction of the primary acceptor of photosystem II by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the dark. Reduction of the primary acceptor of photosystem II by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the dark.
Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH 2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the link reac- tion, and Krebs cycle) are used to make ATP. The process occurs in the protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Diagram 1-The
ATP synthesis takes place at complex V of the electron transport chain, which uses the energy of protons flowing back into the matrix to attach phosphorus atoms to ADP molecules, producing ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation What is it? Process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 via a series of electron carriers
The electrons that flow through electron transport chain is an exergonic process and the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process. These two processes are ingrained within a membrane as a result energy will be transmitted from electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This process is termed as chemiosmosis.
Regulation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain
ADVERTISEMENTS: Electron Transport Chain Process in Plant and Animal Cells! All living things run on energy. If the organism is a plant or autotrophic microbe, the energy comes from sunlight. For all other forms of life, energy is extracted from nutrients through the reactions of metabolism-cellular respiration. (a) Cellular Respiration and the
The Steps of the Electron Transport Chain. STUDY. PLAY. Step 1. NADH and FADH2 are going to drop off electrons. Step 2. H+ ions are pumped from the matrix to the inner mitochondrial membrane, which creates a concentration gradient (low to high) Step 3. Electrons move through a chain of proteins and are picked up by oxygen at the end to form H2O, and oxygen is the first electron acceptor . Step
3/4/2013 1 Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis C483 Spring 2013 1. To reduce one molecule of O2, _____ electron(s) must be passed through the – quality function deployment process pdf

Life requires energy. A cell uses energy to builcand

Cellular respiration Home Big Picture

Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during

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Electron Transport and Synthesis

The Electron Transport Chain SparkNotes

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Cellular respiration.pdf Cellular Respiration
Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during

Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Mammalian cells, Mitochondria, NADH, Flavoproteins, Coenzyme Q are few points from this lecture notes. If you are looking for complete set of lectures on biochemistry, you can find it in my documents section.
Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH 2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the link reac- tion, and Krebs cycle) are used to make ATP. The process occurs in the protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Diagram 1-The
Electron transport pathways in spinach chloroplasts. Reduction of the primary acceptor of photosystem II by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the dark. Reduction of the primary acceptor of photosystem II by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the dark.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner-membrane of mitochondria (called the electron transport chain and ATP synthase) to create ATP.

Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during
Respiration hkedcity.net

Cellular respiration We need energy to live, but how do we get it? We eat food and, via the process of respiration, we transfer the energy within this food to energy
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Basis of Life Q: Cellular respiration continues in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell with the KREBS and electron transport chain. 10. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be AEROBIC. Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be ANAEROBIC. 11. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the …
• Electron transfer occurs through a series of protein electron carriers, by the process of oxidative phosphorylation: oxidation of each mole of NADH = 2.5 moles of ATP oxidation of each mole of FADH2 = 1.5 moles of ATP Components of the Electron Transport Chain • In the ETC, the electron carriers are arranged such that the flow of electrons is spontaneous. Each acceptor has
The Electron Transport Chain ATP synthesis is not an energetically favorable reaction: energy is needed in order for it to occur. This energy is derived from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the four protein complexes of the electron transport chain (ETC).
1 Oxidative Phosphorylation It means coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. It is a process by which …

Cellular Respiration Weebly
Life requires energy. A cell uses energy to builcand

Cellular respiration is essentially the opposite process of photosynthesis. The glucose created by plants in photosynthesis is the same glucose that will be broken down by animals in cell respiration.
The electrons that flow through electron transport chain is an exergonic process and the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process. These two processes are ingrained within a membrane as a result energy will be transmitted from electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This process is termed as chemiosmosis.
The electron transport chain pulls H ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain, the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. O2 attracts itself to the left over electron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain Glycolysis does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain both require oxygen. • Aerobic pathways are
ATP goes on to chemiosmosis, again, and the NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to the next step: the electron transport chain. This is the final step for NADH and FADH. The molecules travel to the electron transport chain, known as the ETC, and pass through a series of proteins with increasing electonegativity, lodged in the inner membrane of the mitochondria .
regulation can be explained by regulation of the electron transport chain itself. Measurements of the temperature sensitivity of this rate constant indicated that there is a switch in the rate-limiting step that controls electron transport at around 20 °C: at higher temperatures, CO2 availability is limiting; at lower temperatures some other process regulates electron transport, possibly a di
AS the electron transport chain passes electrons down the energy staircase, it also pumps hydrogen ions (H ) across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the narrow intermembrane space.
It refers to the coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form It is a process by which the energy of biological oxidation is ultimately converted to …

The Electron Transport Chain SparkNotes
Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during

The process is a stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that makes the proton gradient The proton gradient powers ATP production NOT the flow of electrons This electron transport chain only occurs when oxygen is available .
Transport and ChemioSJDosis occur in the mitochondria The electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, aseries ofenzymes that transport electroDS.
regulation can be explained by regulation of the electron transport chain itself. Measurements of the temperature sensitivity of this rate constant indicated that there is a switch in the rate-limiting step that controls electron transport at around 20 °C: at higher temperatures, CO2 availability is limiting; at lower temperatures some other process regulates electron transport, possibly a di
The electron transport chain pulls H ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain, the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. O2 attracts itself to the left over electron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
The electrons that flow through electron transport chain is an exergonic process and the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process. These two processes are ingrained within a membrane as a result energy will be transmitted from electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This process is termed as chemiosmosis.
1 Oxidative Phosphorylation It means coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. It is a process by which …
3/4/2013 1 Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis C483 Spring 2013 1. To reduce one molecule of O2, _____ electron(s) must be passed through the
: in the course of the electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation, hydrogen or electrons a re passed ‘down hill’ to the oxygen (electron acceptor) to form water : and the energy released in the process is used to form ATP from ADP
The electron transport chain or electron transport system is located within the cristae of the mitochondrion. A series of transmembrane proteins that transfer electrons are embedded in sequence within the cristae. NADH from glycolysis, the transition reaction, and Krebs cycle are oxidized at the start of the chain. So is FADH2 from the Krebs cycle. The chain proteins pass the electrons one to

Electron Transport and Synthesis
Electron Transport Chain of Photosynthesis Plants

AS the electron transport chain passes electrons down the energy staircase, it also pumps hydrogen ions (H ) across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the narrow intermembrane space.
Defects in a pathway as complex as the electron transport chain cause a variety of clinical abnormalities, which vary from fatal lactic acidosis in infancy to mild muscle disease in adults. The primary defect may reside in the nucleus or the mitochondrial genome. Until relatively recently
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which NADH and QH 2 are oxidized and ATP is formed. 2 Prentice Hall c2002 Chapter 14 3 Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (1) Respiratory electron-transport chain (ETC) Series of enzyme complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which oxidize NADH and QH 2. Oxidation energy is used to transport protons creating a proton …
Oxidative Phosphorylation What is it? Process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 via a series of electron carriers
Cellular respiration We need energy to live, but how do we get it? We eat food and, via the process of respiration, we transfer the energy within this food to energy
Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Mammalian cells, Mitochondria, NADH, Flavoproteins, Coenzyme Q are few points from this lecture notes. If you are looking for complete set of lectures on biochemistry, you can find it in my documents section.
3/4/2013 1 Electron Transport and ATP Synthesis C483 Spring 2013 1. To reduce one molecule of O2, _____ electron(s) must be passed through the
Both the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis make up oxidative phosphorylation. During this phase of cellular respiration, all of the NADH and FADH 2 that were produced in other phases of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the link reac- tion, and Krebs cycle) are used to make ATP. The process occurs in the protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Diagram 1-The
Electron flow within these transmembrane complexes leads to the transport of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are carried from NADH-Q oxidoreductase to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, the second complex of the chain, by the reduced form of coenzyme Q (Q), also known as ubiquinone because it is a ubi quitous quinone in biological systems.
The electrons that flow through electron transport chain is an exergonic process and the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process. These two processes are ingrained within a membrane as a result energy will be transmitted from electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This process is termed as chemiosmosis.
• Electron transfer occurs through a series of protein electron carriers, by the process of oxidative phosphorylation: oxidation of each mole of NADH = 2.5 moles of ATP oxidation of each mole of FADH2 = 1.5 moles of ATP Components of the Electron Transport Chain • In the ETC, the electron carriers are arranged such that the flow of electrons is spontaneous. Each acceptor has
The EMBO Journal Peer Review Process File – EMBO-2011-78386 manuscript.
: in the course of the electron transport chain / oxidative phosphorylation, hydrogen or electrons a re passed ‘down hill’ to the oxygen (electron acceptor) to form water : and the energy released in the process is used to form ATP from ADP
The process is a stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that makes the proton gradient The proton gradient powers ATP production NOT the flow of electrons This electron transport chain only occurs when oxygen is available .
is called the electron transport chain (ETC), or the respiratory chain. The function of The function of this process is to use the chemical energy released during …

Regulation of the photosynthetic electron transport chain
Regulation of Cyclic Photophosphorylation during

is called the electron transport chain (ETC), or the respiratory chain. The function of The function of this process is to use the chemical energy released during …
It refers to the coupling of the electron transport in respiratory chain with phosphorylation of ADP to form It is a process by which the energy of biological oxidation is ultimately converted to …
• Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which NADH and QH 2 are oxidized and ATP is formed. 2 Prentice Hall c2002 Chapter 14 3 Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (1) Respiratory electron-transport chain (ETC) Series of enzyme complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which oxidize NADH and QH 2. Oxidation energy is used to transport protons creating a proton …
D. Describe the “flow” of electrons “down” the Electron Transport Chain. E. Describe the use of Respiratory Inhibitors in elucidating the sequence of electron transport. IV. Describe how the energy released by the Electron Transport Chain is used. A. How does the nature of the complexes facilitate establishment of the proton gradient? B. How does the nature of the inner mitochondrial
Oxidative Phosphorylation What is it? Process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 via a series of electron carriers
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where energy is harnessed through a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner-membrane of mitochondria (called the electron transport chain and ATP synthase) to create ATP.
Cellular respiration We need energy to live, but how do we get it? We eat food and, via the process of respiration, we transfer the energy within this food to energy
The electrons that flow through electron transport chain is an exergonic process and the synthesis of ATP is an endergonic process. These two processes are ingrained within a membrane as a result energy will be transmitted from electron transport chain to ATP synthase by the movement of proteins. This process is termed as chemiosmosis.
The process is a stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that makes the proton gradient The proton gradient powers ATP production NOT the flow of electrons This electron transport chain only occurs when oxygen is available .
In the process of electron transport through it, four protons are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space and electrons move from NADH to coenzyme Q, converting it from ubiquinone (no electrons) to ubiquinol (gain of two electrons). An intermediate form, ubisemiquinone (gain of one electron), is found in the Q-cycle.
The electron transport chain pulls H ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain, the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. O2 attracts itself to the left over electron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
The reduction of CO 2 to carbohydrates requires energy in the form of ATP, produced through electron transport chain. Process of ATP formation from ADP in the presence of light in chloroplasts is called photophosphorylation.
Chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. 12.
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Basis of Life Q: Cellular respiration continues in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell with the KREBS and electron transport chain. 10. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be AEROBIC. Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be ANAEROBIC. 11. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the …

Cellular respiration Home Big Picture
Cellular Respiration Weebly

Electron Transport Chain, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Mitochondria, Mammalian cells, Mitochondria, NADH, Flavoproteins, Coenzyme Q are few points from this lecture notes. If you are looking for complete set of lectures on biochemistry, you can find it in my documents section.
Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen. Cellular respiration captures the energy from food in three main stages: • glycolysis • the Krebs cycle • the electron transport chain Glycolysis does not require oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain both require oxygen. • Aerobic pathways are
The reduction of CO 2 to carbohydrates requires energy in the form of ATP, produced through electron transport chain. Process of ATP formation from ADP in the presence of light in chloroplasts is called photophosphorylation.
Oxidative Phosphorylation What is it? Process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2 to O2 via a series of electron carriers
The electron transport chain or electron transport system is located within the cristae of the mitochondrion. A series of transmembrane proteins that transfer electrons are embedded in sequence within the cristae. NADH from glycolysis, the transition reaction, and Krebs cycle are oxidized at the start of the chain. So is FADH2 from the Krebs cycle. The chain proteins pass the electrons one to

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Respiration hkedcity.net

Chemical process where mitochondria break down food molecules to produce ATP; the three stages are glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. 12.
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular Basis of Life Q: Cellular respiration continues in the MITOCHONDRIA of the cell with the KREBS and electron transport chain. 10. The pathways of cellular respiration that require oxygen are said to be AEROBIC. Pathways that do not require oxygen are said to be ANAEROBIC. 11. Complete the illustration by adding labels for the …
Transport and ChemioSJDosis occur in the mitochondria The electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, aseries ofenzymes that transport electroDS.
In the process of electron transport through it, four protons are pumped across the inner membrane into the intermembrane space and electrons move from NADH to coenzyme Q, converting it from ubiquinone (no electrons) to ubiquinol (gain of two electrons). An intermediate form, ubisemiquinone (gain of one electron), is found in the Q-cycle.
The process is a stepwise movement of electrons from high energy to low energy that makes the proton gradient The proton gradient powers ATP production NOT the flow of electrons This electron transport chain only occurs when oxygen is available .